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<title>Math 541 Fall 2007 Homework 7</title>
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      <td valign="top"><div align="center">
              <img src="http://www.math.wisc.edu/~ram/UW_logo_150.gif" alt="University of Wisconsin-Madison" border="0" height="150" vspace="2" width="150" /><br />
      </div>
          <h5 align="center"><a href="http://www.wisc.edu/">University of Wisconsin-Madison </a><br />
              <a href="http://www.math.wisc.edu/">Mathematics
                Department</a></h5></td>
      <td align="center" valign="middle"><h2> Math 541 <br />
        Modern Algebra <br />
        A first course in Abstract Algebra<br />
        Lecturer: <a href="http://www.math.wisc.edu/%7Eram">Arun Ram </a> </h2></td>
      <td><h3>
        <large>
          <div align="center">Fall 2007</div>
        </large>
      </h3>
          <h3></h3></td>
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<hr />
<h2 align="center">&nbsp;</h2>
<h2 align="center">Homework 7: Due October 24, 2007 </h2>
<p align="center">&nbsp;</p>

<h3>To grade: 4, 11, 15.</h3>

<ol>
 <li><p>Define homomorphism, kernel and image and give some examples.
</p></li>
<li><p>Let 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&rarr;</mo>
<mi>H</mi></math>
be a group homomorphism.  Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>ker</mi><mi>f</mi></math>
is a normal subgroup of 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>G</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>Let 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&rarr;</mo>
<mi>H</mi></math>
be a group homomorphism.  Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mfrac><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>ker</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></mfrac>
<mo>&sime;</mo><mi>im</mi><mi>f</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>H</mi>
</math> be a group homomorphism.  Show that
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi></math> is injective if and only if
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>ker</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo><mo>{</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>}</mo></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>H</mi>
</math> be a group homomorphism.  Show that
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi></math> is surjective if and only if
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>im</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo><mi>H</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>Define ring, subgroup, coset, 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>I</mi></math>
and ideal and give some examples.
</p></li>
<li> <p>Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>I</mi></math>
be a subgroup of a ring
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>. Show that the operation on 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>I</mi></math>
given by
<table class="dispeq">
<tr><td class="eq">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
+<mi>I</mi>
</math></td>
</tr></table>
is well defined.
</p></li>
<li> <p>Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>I</mi></math>
be a subgroup of a ring
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>. Show that the operation on 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>I</mi></math>
given by
<table class="dispeq">
<tr><td class="eq">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
</math></td>
</tr></table>
is well defined
then
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>I</mi></math>
is an ideal of 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li> <p>Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>I</mi></math>
be a subgroup of a ring
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>. Show that if
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>I</mi></math>
is an ideal of 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>
then the operation on 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>I</mi></math>
given by
<table class="dispeq">
<tr><td class="eq">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
</math></td>
</tr></table>
is well defined.
</p></li>
<li> <p>Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>I</mi></math>
be an ideal of a ring
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>. Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>I</mi></math>
with operations given by
<table class="dispeq">
<tr><td class="eq">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mspace width="2em"/>
<mtext>and</mtext>
<mspace width="2em"/>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>1</mn></msub>
<msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub>
<mo>+</mo><mi>I</mi>
</math></td>
</tr></table>
is a ring.
</p></li>
<li><p>Determine the ideals of  
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>&Zopf;</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>A</mi>
</math> be a ring homomorphism.  Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>ker</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
</math> is an ideal of 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>A</mi>
</math> be a ring homomorphism.  Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>im</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
</math> is a subgroup of 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>R</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>A</mi>
</math> be a ring homomorphism.  Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>im</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
</math> is an ideal of 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>A</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>Let 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&rarr;</mo>
<mi>A</mi></math>
be a ring homomorphism.  Show that 
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mfrac><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>ker</mi><mi>&thinsp;</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></mfrac>
<mo>&sime;</mo><mi>im</mi><mi>&thinsp;</mi><mi>f</mi></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>A</mi>
</math> be a ring homomorphism.  Show that
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi></math> is injective if and only if
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>ker</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo><mo>{</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>}</mo></math>.
</p></li>
<li><p>
Let
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi><mo>&colon;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&xrarr;</mo><mi>A</mi>
</math> be a ring homomorphism.  Show that
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>f</mi></math> is surjective if and only if
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>im</mi><mo>&thinsp;</mo><mi>f</mi>
<mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi></math>.
</p></li>
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